Greek Penetration of the Black Sea 4

Gocha R. Tsetskhladze
 

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26. Until recently scholars knew nothing about colonial activity on the part of Olbia itself. Now it is clear that
Olbia founded its own settlements in the north-western Crimea in the 5th century (which area became part
of chora of Chersonesus from the 4th century). This hypothesis was put forward for the first time by A.
N. Shcheglov (Chtcheglov) in 1985. Gradually it has been borne out by archaeology and has come to be
generally accepted (See: A. N. Shcheglov, Un etablissement rural en Crimee: Panskoje I (fouilles de
1969-1985), DHA 13 (1987), 244-7; Y. G. Vinogradov, Olbiopolithes in north-western Tauric, in Y. G.
Vinogradov (Ed.), The Ancient Black Sea Region (Odessa 1990), 51-64 (in Russian); Y. G. Vinogradov
and A. N. Shcheglov, The Formation of the Territory of the Chersonesus State, in E. S. Golubtsova (Ed.),
Hellenism: Economics, Politics and Culture (Moscow 1990), 313-4 (in Russian); Chtcheglov 1992,
236-48).
27. For the latest works on this subject, see: Graham in CAH, 157-9; Snodgrass 1980, 32, 38, 40-2, 119-21;
Ridgway D. 1990; Cawkwell 1992; Hopper 1976, 83-108; Murray 1993, 102-23. The most detailed work
is still: Gwynn 1918.
28. According to calculations by N. Ehrhardt the number of Milesian settlements reached approximately
seventy, which is close to the number given by Seneca (Consol. ad. Helv. matr. VII.2). See also: Graham
1983,98-117.
29. The fourth stage of colonization was not on such a large scale as the previous three. Only three major
cities were founded: Mesambria in the West (Hdt. VI. 33; Pseudo-Skynmus, 737-742) - the archaeological
material dates only from the Hellenistic period (Hind 1984, 73^1-)); Kerkinitis and KaIos-Limen in Crimea
(V. A. Kutaisov, The Ancient City of Kerkinitis (Kiev 1990), 141, in Russian). The Athenians, whose
interest in the Black Sea began as early as the 6th century, included Pontus in their empire from the
middle of the 5th century (Bouzek 1989; 1990, 51-2; 1994, 241-3). Moreover, Greek cities in both the
European and Asian parts of the Kimmerian Bosporus united in 480 BC as one state, which came to be
known as the Bosporan Kingdom with its capital at Panticapaeum (Gajdukevich 1971, 32-49;
Shelov-Kovedyaev 1984, 63-78).
ABBREVIATIONS
GCNP: J.-P. Descoeudres (Ed.) Greek Colonists and Native Populations. Proceedings of the First Australian
Congress of Classical Archaeology held in honour of Emeritus Professor A. D. Trendall (Oxford, U. P.
1990).
INA: Institute of Nautical Archaeology.
KSIA: Kratkiye Soobshcheniya Instituta Arkheologii Akademii Nauk SSSR (Short Bulletins of the Institute
of the Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR), Moscow (in Russian).
Le Pont-Euxin: 0. Lordkipanidze and P. Leveque (Eds.), Le Pont-Euxin vu par les Grecs. Sources ecrites et
archeologie. Symposium de Vani (Colchide), septembre-octobre 1987 (Paris 1990).
SA: Sovetskaya Arkheologiya (Soviet Archaeology), Moscow (in Russian with summaries in French and
English).
Tskhaltubo 1977: 0. D. Lordkipanidze (Ed.), Problems of Greek Colonisation of the Northern and Eastern
Black Sea Littoral. Materials of the 1st All-Union Symposium on the Ancient History of the Black Sea
Littoral (Tbilisi 1979).
Tskhaltubo J979: 0. D. Lordkipanidze (Ed.), The Demographic Situation in in the Black Sea Littoral in the
Period of Great Greek Colonization. Materials of the 2nd All-Union Symposium on the Ancient History
of the Black Sea Littoral (Tbilisi 1981)
Tskhaltubo-Vani 1985: 0. D. Lordkipanidze (Ed.), Local Ethno-polltical Entities of the Black Sea Area in the
7th-4th cents. BC. Materials of the 4th All-Union Symposium on the Ancient History of the Black Sea
littoral (Tbilisi 1988).
Vani 1987: 0. D. Lordkipanidze (Ed.), The Black Sea Littoral in the 7th-5th cents. EC: Literary Sources and
Archaeology (Problems of Authenticity). Materials of the 5th International Symposium on the Ancient
History of the Black Sea Littoral (Tbilisi 1990).
VDI: Vestnik Drevnei Istorii (Journal of Ancient History), Moscow (in Russian with summaries in English).
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